jeudi 30 octobre 2014
mardi 28 octobre 2014
Pause rire
Anybody know why so many Irish pro putinist/Russian nationalists? Is there a cultural link I am missing here?
— Anne Applebaum (@anneapplebaum) 28 Octobre 2014
https://twitter.com/RussiaInsider/status/527141392573677568
Blog - Russian submarines in the Arctic - the saga continues (eng)
Russian submarines in the Arctic - the saga continues
Hold the front page, it's no longer submarines in Sweden, but this time a case involving a mystery sub in the Arctic. The topic of Russia and its military 'creeping around' is growing legs. When will this media 'non-news' about subs and Russia get kicked into touch? Here is the title of the Daily Telegraph article by Ali Kefford in question: "Mystery submarine sighting gives clue to Russia's Arctic ambitions".
The article starts with "A chance encounter by scientists adrift on an Arctic ice floe has given the first clues to a new Cold War being played out in in the far north, where Vladimir Putin has made no secret of his ambitions to extend Russian influence."
The article relates the story of Norwegian scientists who spotted an unknown submarine on the 16th of October. The article states that it a submarine that is an "aging nuclear research vessel". The writer considers the research vessel as "part of President Putin's plan to send 6000 troops to an area rich in oil and gas".
Submarines Arctic patrols
Interesting turn of words from the writer, "chance encounter", as if it is rare as hens' teeth to see surfacing subs in the Arctic. However, if as the article suggests, it is the "Orenburg", then, it was indeed a" chance encounter", since the Russian sub carries out sensitive missions for the Russian Ministry of Defense's Main Directorate for Deep-Sea Research (GUGI). Even so, the reality is that it isn't that rare for submarines to turn up in the Arctic; especially US ones and other NATO subs. In fact, just by trawling through the internet, several videos are online, featuring submarines breaking through the ice" in the polar region on exercise:
Maybe the Russians just wanted to have a swim alongside their sub or is it the Russian version of the ice bucket challenge, the sea being the bucket!!!: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQ2oFTuyYck. The sub in the video is also a Detla class. Another video showing a russian sub in the Arctic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2wOOrs01kE
Ali Kefford finishes his article off by picking up again on his unnamed senior naval source; (once more a case of citing anonymous sources): "There is almost certainly a US submarine there now," said the source. "And if there isn't one there permanently below the Arctic ice cap, the High North will be on a periodic patrol cycle. The point being made by the unnamed senior naval source is the fact that submarines do in fact patrol and go on exercises in the Arctic, including the US.
Sadly it seems to be journalistic de rigeur now not to bother finding named sources of information or to do some meaningful or measured research on Russia & its interests in the Arctic; scaremongering the readers by using Cold War rhetoric is much easier these days. The journalist did not even provide any information whatsoever over the reasons as to why Russia is keenly involved in the Arctic.
Russia & the Arctic
Let me step in where the Daily Telegraph left off. Basically, there are two aspects to the Russian involvement in the Arctic. A huge chunk of the Arctic region is in fact within Russia's maritime borders. Ali Kefford in his article has skipped over this fact by simply omitting to state where the 6000 troops are being sent. Some of these troops have already set foot on Kotelny Island, located in the Novosibirsk Archipelago, one of the first military bases being set up in the Arctic.
The international legal framework that sets maritime borders is called the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS outlines a country's Exclusive Economic Zone, (EEZ), that can be up to 200 nm from the coast. The Coastal State, in this case, Russia, has the right to exploit natural resources lying in the seabed, under the provisions of Article 56(1)(a). This dry piece of information might not seem of interest to an average hack, yet, is a piece of the puzzle, that was completely missed out, when referring to as "Putin's plan to send 6000 troops to an area rich in oil and gas".
Sea continental shelf research
What Ali Kefford is also possibly alluding to is the ongoing scramble to claim Arctic territory, beyond current maritime borders, by the US, Canada, Denmark, Russia and Norway. It is said that that the Arctic accounts for 25% of the world's undiscovered oil & gas resources, as well as other mineral resources such as copper. Potential ownership of such resources boils down to outright legal ownership of various areas of the Arctic shelf boundaries. Here is the devil in the detail, since UNCLOS also deals with the issue of a continental shelf, as a country can in very limited circumstances, extend its right as a State to exploit it beyond the 200 nm EEZ. The Siberian Shelf, which just happens to be the largest continental shelf on Earth, is a likely hotspot for serious oil & gas exploration. It extends out to 1500 kilometers (930 miles) offshore.
Russia has had its eye on extending its national shelf for decades & to this end they have been busily researching the area. The Russians have lately centered their geological research on the Mendeleyev Ridge. The research vessel "Orenburg" also took part in Arktika-2012, an expedition along the Mendeleyev Ridge. However, any final decision on ownership will be made by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, (CLCS). How dull that Russia is in fact submitting their claims for territorial claims in line with the well-established remit of UNCLOS. Russia had its first bid rejected by the CLCS back in 2001 and got told to go and do some research. It is no secret that Canada along with Denmark have equally researched and prepared their bids for territorial claims in the region.
Economic resources and ownership
The Daily Telegraph article completely misses the point about Russia, (literally personified by Vladimir Putin), and the connection between its existing de facto territorial jurisdiction with its extensive energy resources. Given both the size of the Siberian Shelf, as well a very long Arctic coastline, it is clear that Russia wants to have a wide security presence in the region.
Additionally, Russia has drawn up plans in developing further the Northern Sea shipping route as a commercial sea transport corridor. When ice-free, shipping using the route can cut 7000km off of a journey between Rotterdam & Tokyo, compared with using the Suez Canal. Consequently, Russia sees the need for enhanced oversight over this strategic sea route. Yet as it stands, there are few reliable installations along the coast that could provide the necessary security and also vital Search & Rescue (SAR) infrastructure.
The military dimension
Given that Russia has already important oil & gas assets in the Arctic already sitting within its EEZ, it would be daft not to provide security for them, particularly in the Yamal, Nenets and Kara Sea regions, all located in the Russian EEZ. Yet this is precisely President Putin has set out to do and is continuing to do so. Russia has been increasing its military presence in the Arctic for a few years, so nothing really newsworthy about deploying 6000 troops to an "area rich in oil and gas". Did the Telegraph journalist actually research the area in question? He only obliquely hinted at it. Seriously, it is really a non-issue since all of the Russians troops will be actually on Russian land. Back in 2011, the creation of a special Arctic Forces brigade both in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk was proposed by Moscow, however this was put on hold. The Arctic has been home to Russian submarines for a while - it is called the Northern Fleet and routinely deploys them in the Arctic.
Currently, Russia is in the process of reopening a number of Soviet era bases in the Arctic such as Kotelny Island and Tiski on the mainland. As the Russians are strengthening their military presence in their territorial part of the Arctic, so have Canada & the US ramped up its presence as well. Similarly to the Russians, the US produced in February 2014 a strategy roadmap document covering the Arctic. The US Navy principally deploys submarines in the region, as part of its own power projection. Equally NATO can be seen to be muscling on the Arctic region, through its 2014 Norwegian-led Cold Response exercise. "Our ambition is a clear NATO footprint in the north," said State Secretary Roger Ingebrigtsen for the Norwegian Defense Ministry. So the regional power games are about having a physical presence or footprint.
Russia is a significant and key player in Arctic cooperation, and the ongoing reverberations in response to events in Ukraine are being echoed in the Arctic as well, which might deepen the impact on the Russian Arctic footprint. Russia has a dominant role in security & maritime matters in the region, especially within its own maritime borders. Yet pitifully the Daily Telegraph showed a lack of maturity & common sense by refusing to even acknowledge this.
References:
"Mystery submarine sighting gives clue to Russia's Arctic ambitions", 28 Oct 2014, accessed 28 October 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11191777/Mystery-submarine-sighting-gives-clue-to-Russias-Arctic-ambitions.html
Who Owns the Arctic? A Stocktaking of Territorial Disputes, The Global Journal, December 21, 2011, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/439/
"Russia's Claim in the Arctic and the Vexing Issue of Ridges in UNCLOS," by Mark Benitah, in the American Society of International Law (Nov. 2007).
"Interview with French expert in geopolitics A. Latsa: "The Arctic has never been so important" Route Magazine, 25/03/2013, accessed 28 oct, 2014, http://routemag.com/2013/03/25/interview-with-french-expert-in-geopolitics-a-latsa-the-arctic-has-never-been-so-important/
"The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030".
"Russia says no need for NATO in Arctic, expands own military presence", The Barents Observer, 22/10/2014, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2014/10/russia-says-no-need-nato-arctic-expands-own-military-presence-22-10
Sneak peak at Russia's 'under renovation' Arctic base, RT, 18 September 2014, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://rt.com/news/188712-arctic-russia-military-base/
"Arctic Resources: The fight for the coldest place on Earth heats up," RT, April 15, 2014, accessed 28 Oct, 2014, http://rt.com/news/arctic-reclamation-resources-race-524/.
(Cartoon (c) Kevin KAL Kallaugher, The Economist)
Hold the front page, it's no longer submarines in Sweden, but this time a case involving a mystery sub in the Arctic. The topic of Russia and its military 'creeping around' is growing legs. When will this media 'non-news' about subs and Russia get kicked into touch? Here is the title of the Daily Telegraph article by Ali Kefford in question: "Mystery submarine sighting gives clue to Russia's Arctic ambitions".
The article starts with "A chance encounter by scientists adrift on an Arctic ice floe has given the first clues to a new Cold War being played out in in the far north, where Vladimir Putin has made no secret of his ambitions to extend Russian influence."
The article relates the story of Norwegian scientists who spotted an unknown submarine on the 16th of October. The article states that it a submarine that is an "aging nuclear research vessel". The writer considers the research vessel as "part of President Putin's plan to send 6000 troops to an area rich in oil and gas".
Submarines Arctic patrols
Interesting turn of words from the writer, "chance encounter", as if it is rare as hens' teeth to see surfacing subs in the Arctic. However, if as the article suggests, it is the "Orenburg", then, it was indeed a" chance encounter", since the Russian sub carries out sensitive missions for the Russian Ministry of Defense's Main Directorate for Deep-Sea Research (GUGI). Even so, the reality is that it isn't that rare for submarines to turn up in the Arctic; especially US ones and other NATO subs. In fact, just by trawling through the internet, several videos are online, featuring submarines breaking through the ice" in the polar region on exercise:
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NEGW8mQRtLM - "US Navy Submarine Surfaces In The Arctic Ocean", USS Connecticut in March of 2011, along with the USS New Hampshire, taking part in in Ice Exercise 2011 (ICEX-2011)
- or the USS Alexandria near Prudhoe Bay, Alaska, March 15, 2007, while on exercise with HMS Tireless, taking part in ICEX 07 - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oDlTq53b438
Maybe the Russians just wanted to have a swim alongside their sub or is it the Russian version of the ice bucket challenge, the sea being the bucket!!!: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qQ2oFTuyYck. The sub in the video is also a Detla class. Another video showing a russian sub in the Arctic: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=W2wOOrs01kE
Ali Kefford finishes his article off by picking up again on his unnamed senior naval source; (once more a case of citing anonymous sources): "There is almost certainly a US submarine there now," said the source. "And if there isn't one there permanently below the Arctic ice cap, the High North will be on a periodic patrol cycle. The point being made by the unnamed senior naval source is the fact that submarines do in fact patrol and go on exercises in the Arctic, including the US.
Sadly it seems to be journalistic de rigeur now not to bother finding named sources of information or to do some meaningful or measured research on Russia & its interests in the Arctic; scaremongering the readers by using Cold War rhetoric is much easier these days. The journalist did not even provide any information whatsoever over the reasons as to why Russia is keenly involved in the Arctic.
Russia & the Arctic
Let me step in where the Daily Telegraph left off. Basically, there are two aspects to the Russian involvement in the Arctic. A huge chunk of the Arctic region is in fact within Russia's maritime borders. Ali Kefford in his article has skipped over this fact by simply omitting to state where the 6000 troops are being sent. Some of these troops have already set foot on Kotelny Island, located in the Novosibirsk Archipelago, one of the first military bases being set up in the Arctic.
The international legal framework that sets maritime borders is called the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). UNCLOS outlines a country's Exclusive Economic Zone, (EEZ), that can be up to 200 nm from the coast. The Coastal State, in this case, Russia, has the right to exploit natural resources lying in the seabed, under the provisions of Article 56(1)(a). This dry piece of information might not seem of interest to an average hack, yet, is a piece of the puzzle, that was completely missed out, when referring to as "Putin's plan to send 6000 troops to an area rich in oil and gas".
Sea continental shelf research
What Ali Kefford is also possibly alluding to is the ongoing scramble to claim Arctic territory, beyond current maritime borders, by the US, Canada, Denmark, Russia and Norway. It is said that that the Arctic accounts for 25% of the world's undiscovered oil & gas resources, as well as other mineral resources such as copper. Potential ownership of such resources boils down to outright legal ownership of various areas of the Arctic shelf boundaries. Here is the devil in the detail, since UNCLOS also deals with the issue of a continental shelf, as a country can in very limited circumstances, extend its right as a State to exploit it beyond the 200 nm EEZ. The Siberian Shelf, which just happens to be the largest continental shelf on Earth, is a likely hotspot for serious oil & gas exploration. It extends out to 1500 kilometers (930 miles) offshore.
Russia has had its eye on extending its national shelf for decades & to this end they have been busily researching the area. The Russians have lately centered their geological research on the Mendeleyev Ridge. The research vessel "Orenburg" also took part in Arktika-2012, an expedition along the Mendeleyev Ridge. However, any final decision on ownership will be made by the UN Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf, (CLCS). How dull that Russia is in fact submitting their claims for territorial claims in line with the well-established remit of UNCLOS. Russia had its first bid rejected by the CLCS back in 2001 and got told to go and do some research. It is no secret that Canada along with Denmark have equally researched and prepared their bids for territorial claims in the region.
Economic resources and ownership
The Daily Telegraph article completely misses the point about Russia, (literally personified by Vladimir Putin), and the connection between its existing de facto territorial jurisdiction with its extensive energy resources. Given both the size of the Siberian Shelf, as well a very long Arctic coastline, it is clear that Russia wants to have a wide security presence in the region.
Additionally, Russia has drawn up plans in developing further the Northern Sea shipping route as a commercial sea transport corridor. When ice-free, shipping using the route can cut 7000km off of a journey between Rotterdam & Tokyo, compared with using the Suez Canal. Consequently, Russia sees the need for enhanced oversight over this strategic sea route. Yet as it stands, there are few reliable installations along the coast that could provide the necessary security and also vital Search & Rescue (SAR) infrastructure.
The military dimension
Given that Russia has already important oil & gas assets in the Arctic already sitting within its EEZ, it would be daft not to provide security for them, particularly in the Yamal, Nenets and Kara Sea regions, all located in the Russian EEZ. Yet this is precisely President Putin has set out to do and is continuing to do so. Russia has been increasing its military presence in the Arctic for a few years, so nothing really newsworthy about deploying 6000 troops to an "area rich in oil and gas". Did the Telegraph journalist actually research the area in question? He only obliquely hinted at it. Seriously, it is really a non-issue since all of the Russians troops will be actually on Russian land. Back in 2011, the creation of a special Arctic Forces brigade both in Murmansk and Arkhangelsk was proposed by Moscow, however this was put on hold. The Arctic has been home to Russian submarines for a while - it is called the Northern Fleet and routinely deploys them in the Arctic.
Currently, Russia is in the process of reopening a number of Soviet era bases in the Arctic such as Kotelny Island and Tiski on the mainland. As the Russians are strengthening their military presence in their territorial part of the Arctic, so have Canada & the US ramped up its presence as well. Similarly to the Russians, the US produced in February 2014 a strategy roadmap document covering the Arctic. The US Navy principally deploys submarines in the region, as part of its own power projection. Equally NATO can be seen to be muscling on the Arctic region, through its 2014 Norwegian-led Cold Response exercise. "Our ambition is a clear NATO footprint in the north," said State Secretary Roger Ingebrigtsen for the Norwegian Defense Ministry. So the regional power games are about having a physical presence or footprint.
Russia is a significant and key player in Arctic cooperation, and the ongoing reverberations in response to events in Ukraine are being echoed in the Arctic as well, which might deepen the impact on the Russian Arctic footprint. Russia has a dominant role in security & maritime matters in the region, especially within its own maritime borders. Yet pitifully the Daily Telegraph showed a lack of maturity & common sense by refusing to even acknowledge this.
References:
"Mystery submarine sighting gives clue to Russia's Arctic ambitions", 28 Oct 2014, accessed 28 October 2014, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/11191777/Mystery-submarine-sighting-gives-clue-to-Russias-Arctic-ambitions.html
Who Owns the Arctic? A Stocktaking of Territorial Disputes, The Global Journal, December 21, 2011, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://theglobaljournal.net/article/view/439/
"Russia's Claim in the Arctic and the Vexing Issue of Ridges in UNCLOS," by Mark Benitah, in the American Society of International Law (Nov. 2007).
"Interview with French expert in geopolitics A. Latsa: "The Arctic has never been so important" Route Magazine, 25/03/2013, accessed 28 oct, 2014, http://routemag.com/2013/03/25/interview-with-french-expert-in-geopolitics-a-latsa-the-arctic-has-never-been-so-important/
"The United States Navy Arctic Roadmap for 2014 to 2030".
"Russia says no need for NATO in Arctic, expands own military presence", The Barents Observer, 22/10/2014, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://barentsobserver.com/en/security/2014/10/russia-says-no-need-nato-arctic-expands-own-military-presence-22-10
Sneak peak at Russia's 'under renovation' Arctic base, RT, 18 September 2014, accessed 28 Oct 2014, http://rt.com/news/188712-arctic-russia-military-base/
"Arctic Resources: The fight for the coldest place on Earth heats up," RT, April 15, 2014, accessed 28 Oct, 2014, http://rt.com/news/arctic-reclamation-resources-race-524/.
(Cartoon (c) Kevin KAL Kallaugher, The Economist)
lundi 27 octobre 2014
Article video Valdai Discussion Poutine 2014 [eng FR]
http://valdaiclub.com/valdai_club/73300.html
Vladimir Putin Meets with Members of the Valdai International Discussion Club. Transcript of the Final Plenary Session
Version en français:
http://www.medias-presse.info/discours-integral-de-vladimir-poutine-sur-le-nouvel-ordre-du-monde-24-octobre-2014-video-et-texte/17450
Experts of the Valdai International Discussion Club focus on whether the global community will develop ground rules for the world politics or whether it is a game without any rules where everyone fend for themselves. Transcript of Vladimir Putin's speech and Q&A session is on http://valdaiclub.com/valdai_club/73300.html
***********************************************************************************************************
Today’s World: Finding Solutions by
DE VILLEPIN, Dominique
http://valdaiclub.com/valdai_club/73280.html
Extract from the Q&A session:
VLADIMIR PUTIN (commenting on statements by former Prime Minister of
France Dominique de Villepin and former Federal Chancellor of Austria
Wolfgang Schuessel): I would like to begin by saying that overall I
agree with what both Wolfgang and Dominique have said. I fully support
everything they said. However, there are a few things I would like to
clarify.
I believe Dominique referred to the Ukrainian crisis as
the reason for the deterioration in international relations. Naturally,
this crisis is a cause, but this is not the principal cause. The crisis
in Ukraine is itself a result of a misbalance in international
relations.
I have already said in my address why this is
happening, and my colleagues have already mentioned it. I can add to
this, if necessary. However, primarily this is the outcome of the
misbalance in international relations.
As for the issues
mentioned by Wolfgang, we will get back to them: we will talk about the
elections, if necessary, and about the supply of energy resources to
Ukraine and Europe.
However, I would like to respond to the
phrase “Wolfgang is an optimist, while life is harder for pessimists.” I
already mentioned the old joke we have about a pessimist and an
optimist, but I cannot help telling it again. We have this very old joke
about a pessimist and an optimist: a pessimist drinks his cognac and
says, “It smells of bedbugs,” while an optimist catches a bedbug,
crushes it, then sniffs it and says, “A slight whiff of cognac.”
I would rather be the pessimist who drinks cognac than the optimist who sniffs bedbugs. (Laughter)
Though
it does seem that optimists have a better time, our common goal is to
live a decent life (without overindulging in alcohol). For this purpose,
we need to avoid crises, together handle all challenges and threats and
build such relations on the global arena that would help us reach these
goals.
Later I will be ready to respond to some of the other things mentioned here. Thank you.
Blog: Liberation et Le Tsar système (fr)
Est-ce que j’ai bien lu ceci?
La revue de presse de Thomas Harms :
« A la Une de la revue de presse l’Ukraine à la veille
des élections législatives, dans Le Figaro, le malaise des combattants du
Donbass. Et le quotidien d’expliquer que Kiev peine à gérer la reconversion des
bataillons avec ces hommes « passés directement des barricades de Maidan à la
ligne de front ». Des hommes radicalisés, ultra nationalistes, quasiment
incontrôlables. »
A la une ce week-end : Le Tsar système. Enquête sur les
réseaux Poutine en France:
La UNE de Libération qui parle de « Le Tsar système ». Est-ce
que quelqu’un a vu la couronne de Poutine récemment ? Moi non plus. RFI
continue son synthèse avec « « Et pourtant, en France, ils sont encore
nombreux ceux qui trouvent des circonstances atténuantes à la Russie ». Et
Libération de les classer en 7 familles. »
" Alors que les Ukrainiens élisent leur nouvelle Assemblée, la Russie, engagée auprès des séparatistes, active ses réseaux à l’étranger pour desserrer l’étau des sanctions. Enquête sur ses relais français."
" Si certains pays, comme la Hongrie, soutiennent ouvertement Poutine,
d’autres sont avant tout conciliants, comme l’Allemagne, premier
partenaire économique de la Russie, mais aussi la France, où le «il ne
faut pas humilier la Russie» est devenu le mantra derrière lequel se
cachent les intérêts les plus divers, qu’ils soient économiques
(pétrole, nucléaire, armement) ou politiques."
" Chez beaucoup des amis français du président russe, la fascination pour «l’homme fort» de Moscou est sincère. Elle va de pair avec une certaine idée de la France, une vision de «l’Europe des nations» qui inclut enfin la Russie, et l’espoir d’échapper à l’emprise de Washington ou Bruxelles."
Lu dans l'article - Les trolls du Kremlin au service de la propagande
Ancien journaliste de l’AFP, De Kochko use de ce titre passé pour dénoncer la «campagne antirusse» des médias français, «à commencer par Libération et le Monde».«Il
y a un problème de déontologie journalistique quand d’entrée vous ne
prenez qu’une seule source pour dire que les séparatistes prorusses ont
abattu l’avion [le Boeing de la Malaysia Airlines qui s’est écrasé en juillet dans l’est de l’Ukraine, ndlr]», assène-t-il par exemple, nous reprochant de «haïr les Russes».
A lire aussi:
Blog comment + article Guess the country [eng]
- being given a bad press, daubed with a large broad brush! Spot the mistakes between the comparisions:
"Relevant organizations point to: (Ed's note: which organisations? Draw your own conclusions);
the high level of homophobia;
religious intolerance and xenophobia;
negative trends in war crimes trials before national courts;
enormous gaps in the security sector that the new authorities have no strength or will to tackle;
he numerous deficiencies in the fight against corruption …
just as in Putin's Russia."
The quote is from this - http://www.todayszaman.com/op-ed_putinization-of-not-only-balkans-but-europe-as-well-by-hajrudin-somun_350420.html
*Hajrudin Somun is the former ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Turkey.
"Relevant organizations point to: (Ed's note: which organisations? Draw your own conclusions);
the high level of homophobia;
religious intolerance and xenophobia;
negative trends in war crimes trials before national courts;
enormous gaps in the security sector that the new authorities have no strength or will to tackle;
he numerous deficiencies in the fight against corruption …
just as in Putin's Russia."
The quote is from this - http://www.todayszaman.com/op-ed_putinization-of-not-only-balkans-but-europe-as-well-by-hajrudin-somun_350420.html
*Hajrudin Somun is the former ambassador of Bosnia and Herzegovina to Turkey.
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